![]() In contrast, consideration of prior infection provided a more accurate classification for risk of COVID-19. Solid lines represent the “up-to-date” states while dashed lines represent the “not up-to-date” states. Point estimates and 95% confidence intervals are jittered along the x-axis to improve visibility. Simon-Makuch hazard plot comparing the cumulative incidence of COVID-19 in the “up-to-date” and “not up-to-date” states with respect to COVID-19 vaccination, stratified by tertiles of propensity to get tested for COVID-19.ĭay zero was 29 January 2023, the day the XBB lineages of the Omicron variant became the dominant strains in Ohio. using the survival package and R version 4.2.2 (R Foundation for Statistical Computing). The hazard ratio for vaccination status provided a comparison of risk of COVID-19 based on vaccination status after adjusting for all other covariates. The proportional hazards assumption was checked using log(-log(survival)) vs. ![]() The possibility of multicollinearity in the models was evaluated using variance inflation factors. Vaccination status was included as a time-dependent covariate. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were fit to examine the association of various variables with time to COVID-19. Curves for the “up-to-date” state were based on data from the date the vaccination status changed to “up-to-date”. Curves for the “not up-to-date” state were based on data while the vaccination status was “not up-to-date”. Subjects whose employment was terminated during the study period before they had COVID-19 were censored on the date of termination. ![]() A subject’s vaccination status was “not up-to-date” before receipt of a COVID-19 bivalent vaccine, and “up-to-date” after receipt of the vaccine. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether individuals who were “up-to-date” on COVID-19 vaccination had a lower risk of COVID-19 than those not “up-to-date”.Ī Simon-Makuch hazard plot was created to compare the cumulative incidence of COVID-19 in the “up-to-date” and “not up-to-date” states, by treating vaccination status as a time-dependent covariate. Given this lack of effectiveness of the bivalent vaccine against the XBB lineages, it was reasonable to question whether individuals “up-to-date” with a vaccine of questionable effectiveness were protected against COVID-19 compared to those not “up-to-date”, when the XBB lineages were the predominant circulating strains. A recent study was unable to find the bivalent vaccine to be effective while the XBB lineages were the dominant circulating strains. By this definition, those who had not received a single dose of a COVID-19 bivalent vaccine would be considered not “up-to-date”. In April 2023 the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) updated its guidance on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination to consider all individuals above the age of 6 to be “up-to-date” with COVID-19 vaccination only if they had received at least one dose of a COVID-19 bivalent vaccine. ![]()
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